Adaptogenese

Adaptogenesis refers to the biological process by which the body adapts and regulates its responses to stress in order to maintain equilibrium and maintain homeostasis (internal balance). The term is closely associated with adaptogens – natural substances that promote this adaptability.

Origin and definition

The term “adaptogen” was first coined in the 1940s by the Russian scientist Dr Nikolai Lazarev to describe substances that increase the body’s “non-specific resistance” to various stress factors. Adaptogenesis is therefore the process by which the body improves its ability to react to stressors through the action of adaptogens without suffering damage.

How does adaptogenesis work?

Adaptogenesis is made possible by the effect of adaptogens on the neuroendocrine system and the immune system. Neuroendocrine means that the brain and certain glands in the body work together to send important messages (hormones) that tell the body what to do, such as when to get tired or when to be hungry. Adaptogens primarily act on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which plays a central role in the stress response.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) is like an important telephone line in the body that helps the brain and certain glands communicate with each other, especially when a person is stressed.

• Hypothalamus: This is a small part of the brain that is like a boss. This part realises when someone is stressed or in danger and tells the pituitary gland, a gland in the brain, what to do.
• Pituitary gland: The pituitary gland listens to the hypothalamus and then sends a message to the adrenal glands. This gland sits on top of the kidneys and helps the body prepare for stress.
• Adrenal glands: The adrenal glands then release certain substances (such as the hormone cortisol) that help the body deal with the stress, for example by giving the person more energy or making them more alert.

This co-operation, the HPA axis, therefore ensures that the body can react quickly to stress in order to protect itself or help it to concentrate and act more quickly.

1. Regulation of the HPA axis: Adaptogens modulate the HPA axis by regulating the release of stress hormones such as cortisol. This helps to avoid excessive or inadequate reactions to stress.
2. Strengthening the immune system: Adaptogens support the immune system by improving its responsiveness and regulating inflammatory responses in the body. This helps to make the body more resistant to diseases and infections.
3. Balancing the nervous system: Adaptogens help to maintain the balance between the sympathetic nervous system (responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response) and the parasympathetic nervous system (responsible for relaxation and recovery). This reduces the risk of chronic stress.

Examples of adaptogens and their effects

There are numerous plants and herbs that are considered adaptogens and are traditionally used in naturopathy. Some of the best-known adaptogens are

• Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): Ashwagandha is one of the most well-known adaptogens and is often used to reduce stress and anxiety. It can help lower cortisol levels while increasing energy levels.
• Rhodiola Rosea: This adaptogen is traditionally used to increase physical stamina and combat fatigue. It can improve the body’s resistance to physical and mental stress.
• Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus): Siberian ginseng is known for its ability to increase physical performance and promote recovery from stress.
• Holy Basil (Tulsi): Tulsi has adaptogenic properties that help calm the mind and support cognitive function while boosting the immune system.
• Maca (Lepidium meyenii): Maca is often used to improve energy and stamina and is known to support hormonal balance.

Application and benefits of adaptogenesis

The use of adaptogens to promote adaptogenesis offers numerous health benefits, especially in times of chronic stress. Some of the most important benefits include:

• Stress management: Adaptogens help the body better adapt to stress and reduce the negative effects of stress on the body.
• Improving cognitive function: Many adaptogens support mental clarity, concentration and memory performance by balancing the body’s stress response.
• Supporting the immune system: Adaptogens strengthen the immune system by stimulating the production of immune cells and regulating inflammatory responses in the body.
• Promote physical performance: By improving energy levels and reducing fatigue, adaptogens can increase physical endurance and performance.

Safety and side effects

Adaptogens are generally considered safe when taken in the recommended doses. They are non-toxic and can be taken over long periods of time without a decrease in their effectiveness. However, some adaptogens can cause mild side effects in certain individuals, such as stomach discomfort or insomnia. It is important to discuss the use of adaptogens with a doctor or qualified health professional, especially if other medications are being taken.

Scientific research

Research into adaptogenesis and the mechanisms of action of adaptogens has increased in recent decades, particularly in Russia, Asia and increasingly in the West. Studies show that adaptogens can not only increase stress resistance, but can also have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, further research is needed to understand the full potential of these substances and to optimise their use in modern medicine.

Conclusion

Adaptogenesis is a fascinating biological process that allows the body to better regulate its responses to stress and thus promote overall well-being. Using adaptogens to support adaptogenesis offers a natural and holistic way to support the body in times of stress, fatigue and illness. Given the increasing pressures of modern life, the role of adaptogens in health promotion may continue to grow in importance.