Menopause

Definition:
The menopause, also known medically as the climacteric, describes the natural stage of a woman’s life in which the function of the ovaries declines and fertility ends. This transition is characterized by hormonal changes that are often accompanied by physical and emotional symptoms. The central event of the menopause is the menopause – the last menstrual period, which occurs on average between the ages of 45 and 55.

Phases of the menopause

1. Premenopause: The years before the menopause, when hormone production (especially oestrogen and progesterone) is already fluctuating. The cycle becomes irregular and fertility decreases.
2. Perimenopause: This phase covers the time around the menopause. Significant hormonal fluctuations are typical, which can lead to symptoms such as hot flushes and mood swings.
3. Menopause: The menopause is the last menstruation, which is officially determined after 12 months without bleeding. The oestrogen level is now permanently low.
4. Postmenopause: This phase begins after the menopause and lasts for the rest of your life. Menopausal symptoms can persist in the first few years, but often subside.

Symptoms of the menopause

The menopause can manifest itself through a variety of physical and emotional changes. The most common symptoms include

• Hot flushes and sweating: Sudden feelings of warmth, often accompanied by heavy sweating.
• Sleep disorders: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
• Mood swings: Irritability, depressive moods or anxiety.
• Weight gain: Changes in metabolism can affect weight.
• Vaginal dryness: Reduced oestrogen production can lead to dryness and pain during sexual intercourse.
• Concentration and memory problems (“brain fog”).
• Bone loss: An increased risk of osteoporosis due to the decrease in estrogen.

Not all women experience all symptoms, and their intensity can vary greatly.

Causes of the menopause

The menopause is caused by a decline in ovarian function, which leads to a decrease in the production of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone. This hormone deficiency has an impact on many bodily functions, as oestrogen and progesterone not only play an important role in the menstrual cycle, but also in bone, skin, heart and brain health.

Diagnosis

The menopause is usually diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and age. In some cases, blood tests can be carried out to measure hormone levels (e.g. FSH – follicle stimulating hormone), which supports the diagnosis.

Treatment and handling of complaints

The menopause is a natural process and does not necessarily need to be treated. However, if symptoms are severe, the following measures can help:

1. hormone therapy (HRT):

Hormone replacement therapy can compensate for hormone deficiency and alleviate symptoms such as hot flushes and bone loss. However, it should be used individually and under medical supervision, as it can be associated with risks such as an increased risk of breast cancer or thrombosis.

2. herbal remedies:

Natural alternatives such as black cohosh, soy isoflavones or red clover can alleviate mild symptoms as they have phytoestrogenic properties.

3. lifestyle changes:

• Diet: A diet rich in calcium and vitamins (e.g. green leafy vegetables, nuts, low-fat yogurt) can help to strengthen the bones.
• Exercise: Regular exercise, such as yoga or walking, helps reduce weight gain and mood swings.
• Stress reduction: Relaxation techniques such as meditation or breathing exercises have a positive effect on well-being.

4. medication:

In addition to hormone therapy, other medications, such as antidepressants or medication for osteoporosis, may be prescribed if certain symptoms are prominent.

Common myths about the menopause

1. “The menopause means the end of femininity.”
   – This is a misconception! Many women experience the time after the menopause as a phase of freedom and inner strength.
2. “Every woman has serious complaints.”
   – Not every woman suffers badly. Some hardly notice any symptoms or find the menopause uncomplicated.
3. “The menopause only occurs in later years.”
   – The menopause can also occur before the age of 40 (early menopause), for example due to genetic factors, surgery or illness.

Menopause and men

Although the menopause is a phenomenon that mainly affects women, men also experience age-related hormonal changes known as andropause. This causes testosterone levels to drop, which can lead to symptoms such as loss of energy, mood swings and loss of libido.

Tips for dealing with the menopause

• Be sure to talk to other women – shared experiences can be a relief.
• Learn to listen to your body 100% and give yourself enough rest and self-care.
• Consult a doctor at an early stage if symptoms become severe or if you are unsure.

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